The Turkana are a Nilotic people of Kenya , numbering about 340,000. They inhabit the Turkana District in northwest Kenya, a dry and hot region bordering Lake Turkana in the east. South of them live the Pokot (Pökoot), Rendille , and Samburu . The language of the Turkana, an Eastern Nilotic language, is also called Turkana ; their own name for it is Ng'aturk(w)ana . The Turkana are noted for raising camels and weaving baskets. In their oral traditions they designate themselves the people of the grey bull , after the Zebu, the domestication of which played an important role in their history. In recent years, development aid programs have aimed at introducing fishing among the Turkana (a taboo in Turkana society) with varying success.

Traditionally, men and women both wear wraps made of rectangular woven material, but each sex adorns themselves with different objects. Often men wear their wraps similar to tunics, and carry wristknives made of steel and goat hide. Men also carry stools (known as ekicholongs ) and will use these for simple chairs rather than sitting on the hot midday sand. These stools also double as headrests, keeping one's head elevated from the sand, and protecting any ceremonial head decorations from being damaged. It is also not uncommon for men to carry several staves; one is used for walking and balance when carrying loads, the other, usually slimmer and longer, is used to prod livestock during herding activities. Women will customarily wear necklaces, and will wear their hair in a faux-mohawk style which is often braided and beaded.

The Turkana rely on several rivers, such as the Turkwel River and Kerio River . When these rivers flood, new sediment and water extend onto riverplain that is cultivated after heavy rainstorms, which occur infrequently. When the rivers dry up, open-pit wells are dug in the riverbed which are used for watering livestock and human consumption. There are few, if any, developed wells for community and livestock drinking water, and often families must travel several hours searching for water for their livestock and themselves.

Livestock is an important aspect of Turkana culture. Goats, camels, donkeys, and sheep are the primary herd stock utilized by the Turkana people. In this society, livestock functions not only as a milk and meat producer, but as form of currency used for bride-price negotiations and dowries. Often, a young man will be given a single goat or sheep with which to start a herd, and he will accumulate more via animal husbandry. In turn, once he has accumulated sufficient livestock, these animals will be used to negotiate for wives. It is not uncommon for Turkana men to lead polygynous lifestyles, since livestock wealth will determine the number of wives each can negotiate for and support

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